Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / May 24, 1854, edition 1 / Page 1
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JdcrtSj-Caralina tar. t rrui VUKLT ST WILLIAM C. D 0 B"B, J IDlTUt AD MOPlltTDI. TEBMSt If paid strvet'y l advance, two dollar per a ; tw dollars and fifty enu, If paid within is wMtkt ; aad lUrH dollars at th ul of tb ' ' - A D TSM TSEMKXTS not xoeediag ixtn lis will k Inssrlsd en tlm for nae dollar, ud ' twcnty-lv eni for ejieh inbsequtnt insertion. Tho of greatsr length wilLbe ehrged propor- tioaally. Court Orders and JailwiaJ advertisements --will beak 25 par cant, higher (ban the atsors rstss. A reasonable deduction -will be mad to thes wh advert! by the yart r i - , Bonk aad Job Prlqtirg don with nestosss a wsspstco, sad oa accommodating term. a- LatUr I the Editor Mil be poat.pald - VOLUME XLV. - : -- " "' " I-.... v .t ' .. . U til ( p S . ft - . 7 THI ritKIIPKNTta lTO MEtMOB SPEECH OF HON. GVE. BAD ' '-. or noRTBikoiiKA, ', ,.- h ike &mtfc. -Viy il, 1854, ' rVn the President's' Message vetoini the bill grant ing Landi to the several State for the relief of th .indigent intane. MrBadger aid; t -Mr. Pujjbixt: TbeConstitutlon of the United Stale lisving provide' tbnt when the rreidt of the United Staled Stale does not appro RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 24, 1854. NTJMBER 2L er to dispone of the territory or otAer lotunrnt to the Inited Slater" Th therefore: 1 treated as tha prnnertT of tbevlv Sta ." - It i the largest word that can be ase&t to express dominuun ownership, title. It Is used in hj ppropij'e, tcftl signification, not iu ex-' pressing merely th subject-matter in which any title kr .Mippoaed to exist, but tb Tery till, do minion, right of possession, control and enjoy ment in- the territory. It ia a the " property of the United State that the clause provide roy it, , Now, tir, the United State, thus ' ownint? thi triUiry, had wb'nt? W by, they had, like trery other owner, the right to dispose of it thej' dUpontndi Uie essential attrthute of trnoowneri ship. Without which property in anythine cannot. mm proper aenee, be mud to ex'wt ; fir in strict- tress, it mere be an owner who ia competent to act, he must bare power to diepoae of what be owns ; this power was in the t inted States in its fullest sense, as the true and absolute owners of the territory, . Now, wlsjjt ilipuition bare the United State made of this, their property ? They hare fronted to Congre the power to'disnos of The jm difjHiHfndi, wlmterer it was that attaches to true awnersliitK-attd mMi IwIuiibiwI "Ui; ihr-i?llHMt' UJ iim V UHOU k3wn. III- Liicir vuiisiituiioii, IIP" t lived upon Congress without limitation of af Ktnti' a uueiei . be- ( other 4han these Becmaarr and inerltable rettrle- air in it larireneas with the treaty-niakini prwxl beneBt of tha Kentucky Aayluui for the dfaf afliTiuiK thoav tur potttaf? rnens wiawappeevl xprea twom, i aaa, uuoa rctrrnng hi Messrs iies I lor teacuinj Diem profeasnini, or lor gtm ay: and therefor urn thought Yuat h', rjons sufested by Mr. Calhoun, bow do4s it nap- aseaaura was aonsttiutionxi. nen that the nower to dianoas of the nnhlia faUHia. now. air. Wlttt reraiM to Bie bill ttasaed In (crahted in equally -bmad tenn, is not eo-extea- I 126, the act granting a township ot land (. the 'bill wbieh has tuused both Houses of t'onirress, rwahaHTetum it to the llnus to whieh'tt- owgi-- natcdL with his oMftCtWDS therTtft.Wd..that th llouae hall nrocced to reuonxider Ine bill, lt.fo lows a necessary inference tbnt it was the pur- poae of the Constitution tliat the lloaseso roeon aiderina; a bill, should ive a careful and respect ful attention to the objections taken by the I'rec- -Mentr and tbu in pursuance of the. CuustUutiua sent to that body. The provision of. the Consti tution would otherwise bo unmeaning;. For it doe not authorise the President to disapprove merely, and tlteu temtire 4 fcOusidcj-atioiuliiit it Mkea- ithia-iWty, Aitathe- disapproval,- te4 Tjomtnunicate in writing his objections. There font, aa I have alreailv said, it becomes not onlv the right, but the-duty j- f the body to wbrch -the jnttjn-of 'the bill is relumed, carefully to consider the olfac tions of the President. It is my purpose this morning to discharge, so far as I am concerned, the duty which devolves upon-a of siring that careful examination to the, objections of the President to the bill for the benefit of the indigent inaane ; to submit views to ai appear-to I Is it not manifest, then, Mr. President, that wli"n the question arise with remrd to tlie power o( -Luoftrea under ih olauasaa tad m the Constitution, they who alhrin that tiiere is snv particular limitation upon this power of dispwjng are bound to show it'. The power h exclusive in Uonkr- -1 rom the very nature of tlie esse,- rt could not -have Tjeen, and'CBTTnot 'be i;tereii'tl by tue mdviuual Mates, it would, tlierclbre, be an absurility to suppose that it could form any por- tton-TJt ttio-rrgtitrrestrTea WTne water.- II 1 a power which exists sninewhere. In the very na ture of me cao, It must exist somewhere, it belonged to the political sovereignty designated s" the United Nates of America," and thee United States have devolved that pnrwer, by terms nfthis grnnt, upon the Congress of the inited nuites. it is not a quention aluut dnputel tw jual, to lw dtniaitdtd- 'imngr. It tl'lkl aH'1iidJiiry''o(: inTelrpreraturiiT ic matters embraced in the I We arc not engaged in iuvc-tigating whether we can deduce 4r infer pawer over the public lands, a falling naturally, and appropriately, and neces sarily within soiuepowertuatisexprewly granted. There is an express grant, in terms, of this power this whole jMiwer to Cungicw. This power was in tlwrtfBited State, and iieycr iij l)ie Statu sovereignties, as such, and this power, by the Constitution, U vested exclusively in Congress, without snv declared qualilicatiou. by th importance of the matters cm toaaage, and which show, as I think, that the objections taken by the President have no foun dation. It is manifest Sir. President, that, in discharging this duty, high eoiirteay towards the tifficial functionary at the head of the Government demands that the invextigntion sliould meet the obiectioh Of tti" Presi'dunt, so far a we" under; stand them, noon their true merits ; and that no attempt should be made to resort to mere ques- '.1 " lV.' 'ir'.li.r"l.ril..r'!r irr--.i tiods oi .woros, uo cuon. hj nuiiuruwuj.c. iiivo. "tion of the Senate or the country from tho prin . iple. which are wally at stake - but tlmti on the contrary, jlixrcgarding all minor topics, put ting the dialectics of verbal criticism entirely aide, we sjiould consider, fairly and respectful ly, the objections which the PieiMent has felt it bis duty to make, according to their substance and intended import. That duty I shall Endeav or to diacharge in tho manner and with the spirit 1 have indicated. This beUg to my position g.Ucd. vliich deserves nut i- a mebrTuf thi body, and tliial woHld nort fra,Ted In the rrfshU'iit' kht Si'iia'.o iy & rVrpii wilfully disregard if 1 did not occupy that posi- em) words, without enumerating or spocifving A Mr. lalhoun arruea. thi is an granVof an exclusive -power; therefore, all th trfiity fnakihg Bower is in th President, by aad with Ihe dvioe aini consent of the Senate. , Whatever may be don by a treaty, may be done by the President by and with the advio and consent of the Senate, units it is, among other things, to exercise sKpower which the Constitu tion inhibited to tb Ouyemment or any of iu branches, or where a Umig iasuthoriied to be done in a particular manner, an-1 prohibited in any other, or where th power is sovght to boused for the purpose of destroying or altering the Consti tution. Where, then, are there anVk limitation upon this power over the lands! IfSlje United States of America, as a political sovcreiiriHv, own property, they undoubtedly have power to sell or otherwise dispose of it. to setl if for whtrtsoevtr they tlese. and to giv it to w homsoever they please; Well, whatever their rvower was, they J nave devolved it upon Congras iu xpross, un- f miHtRkahle terms. t T This. sir. hM beeB the oninibif fiiiKnlVoT stains-- MWtMHddiiili)fisi justice ntory, in bi work-npiin Uie t JnuuUoo, afi Sem's Ksgister of IVb.vtes, that o th 28th of Man h, ltj, when the senate proceeded to lb consideration of that bill : jur. low otgecten to tne otn ofi pnacipi. as an anconstititttonal grant of eomasum proprty for a partial or Jsral purpo, and argaed againat the , bill oa that gnmnd. "A debate of widaXexleni, and eonsiderahlo duration, ensued on the-merit of tb bill and the validity of the objections mad to it by Mr. C and on time of its detail". Tb bill was supported by Messrs. Kowan, Johnson, of Ken tucky, Uentun, tfartoa. fcaum, llvhnes, Lloyd, Mills, bdwards, Ueadriek and h.ingx' After debate, that biu was passed bv Xyotc of Teas twenty-seven tv nays six. I wish . call attention to this fact. ' v Mr. .Cobb objected bi the bill on prineiple, a- neonstitutioaal grant ot onuimon projsjrty l rntrtlnl or tftcal liur-jee, and argued axaiust-' Lli biU on thut iwouud.'V . . ... i- ,ieo,j cifiicr uiioco4ei w- ait annus ax "The" poaar of Cok os Ihe public terrt-J torv is dearly txclutint 9ml umrmal: and their j legislation is suhteet to no control, but t aosolnfa 4-an4wi(itef, ttnlesa to tjr-t it- isr atRctod by ,IIPU1HUUIIB in III, 1709SI011, VT I11W TCU1II,IIL of .1787, under which any part of it baa been set tle l."-.r. 132M. . " Such-, Mk Presfderrt, seems" In barerbeeTTthr opTnton oTOenfraT Vacason," Th his message to Congress at the commencement of the session of IPM, you will find thi language : ,timglmSliiibTuKh' Bierit tne consul- matters, hareemri'-'l th quiitti whetberaoeh jgrastt wnotd be eaSistituttonul if gsnoral and eiiual. In the former case there would hare been a geitro-nl (Kqnieccne ofTlieSeoatd fn Ui con stitutionalityof it, if it hod beeoj f.ir a general and equal patpoM thmaghnut th I ntMd iMnlw, and not local and partial. And in tlva other ee, Mlicr waswe-Toiljgiileiil or artnfwotnjna-X J only mat iiwa vonsiuuiioiiai, noiwiiustaiiiiing it beuurjocal nnd partial. .Now, sir, among tons whoyrffed in favor of that bill I liud the jblloWi ,vir. Vulnoun. in his nnituutuotis work unon yrvermncrtt, In' TeUliiVn to iiriotlior subject,' tor nislies a very clear and safe, ground for interirt Ing this grant of power, and upvrtthc general view I have -taken, thi the i'rij pago of tils tretiie he thu expresses himi'lf : " There is a ve'v striking difference between the manner in which the troaty-makinj; and the law-mlking power, in its strict sen!, are delo- J lie former is Slim. ' irTaiiTersinnoTtTic message roTHflieTVcidiit of tb United State aright, ho olcets to the pas sage of tlie bill providing for the indigent insane upon the ground, first, that Congress ha no power under the Constitution to devote any por tion of the public domain to th purpose indi cated in the bill ; and, in the next place, if the ksii were free from ttmt objeetwrnt rf th'?miTr-' lutioo did authorise an apphVaiiun of a portion of these land to the general purposes specified in the bill, yet this measure is obnoxious to a unetitutionl objection, because th aubaidiary provision of tit bill, which oadertnke to carry oat its general object, assume an unconstiiutioav eration of Congress, after the payment of the pul lie debt one of the most imnortant. in hit view is that of the public lands. Pre wns torKc for mation of our present Cnnntitution, it wsi reeom- mefidea hv ton ere sn that a portnuf of the waste l inds owned by the Mates slipjrtd lie ceded to the United States, for the jjurpo of general b.ai). Bjr; aiid tei-Tutid ini?ertfe"ekTerftes of Ihe war. The reuoninieniuion was a lonted x and. at different periods of time, the States of Masa- chuwtts, New York, t irginia, North and South Carolina, and (ie irgia, granted their vacant soil tor the uses tor which they had been asked. Ai the lmids may now be considered a relieved from this, pledrftv the fitWect fur which they .xtrt..ctdtdl kariH'i bten aeeomjUulied, il u la lv dttcntiau of c on.virM to aitpote or thtm ia sura ray tu oat to rondure roiACQriCT, kai'IoN'T, asb atstait is arlicularly the pasar dcltgaleJ The Cunstitu- lioa simpiy pn'vmes iiuijibl. snail nave power, by. and with the dvlWTOd consentof the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Sen ators present concur ; while tlie legislative (lowers vested in Congre, are, one by one. rarefullv enumerated and speeiBnd. The reason is to.be fjund in the fact, that the treaty-making power fs Tested -rr--f",Vry;-m he fnmrtiiwisiriiif i.a I'-:,..! u.-. i t. - was necessary in delegaliiis itf11inn to spei-ifv. ash don, lh(viirtion or department of the Government in wh:ch it Is vested. It was then not only unnecessary, hut It would have been shsurd, hi entunentle snecinllT the pnwirs fin al authority over, and interfere iu an improper braced in tho grant. rv different isiheense in manner with, those focal concerns which: nndcrl regard tu legislative powers. They are divided "the Constitution, belong exclusitely to the Slate, j between tho Federal Government nnd the State Now, Mr. President, with, regard to the first ' (1 ive-rinents. which niale it absolutely ncre. -ejnestion -ut the general constitutional power I sry, in order to draw Ihe line botwecn the dele it to aie tliat theie ar several eonsidera-1 gated and reserved powers, that the one or the t Wat adverted to by the Presideni,1n his mess-iiiher should be eircfully enum 'rafe-I and tw: ago, which may be laid entirely aside. It Is fled ; and, a the former was intended to be but mauifcet, la tb first place, that do one cumin to supplemental to the latter, and to embrace tho assert the power of Congress to dispose of the coinpartnely few powers which could not l public domain nndthe 8rst clause OQhc ri section ol the irst article ut the -IJonstiluiion, so well and snlelv exen'isrU by the separa 0 which gives to Congress tii power of laying governments of the several Stntes, it was pro dutie and imposts, and other taxes ; therefore, I isr that th former, and not the latter, should . it ia matter entirely immaterial to. the present t enumerated and ipecihel. 11 . 1, alth iugh discussion whether tlie expression, "to provide the "tre.iftr-bMktr'g; povrer if WTehsiwy Tested, fir th eommon defense and general welfare," and without enumeration or speeiHcation, in the tolkowing that grant of power, is lobe construed ! Governmetit of the United Stall's, it is pr vert lie in the aatar of a new gnrat, enlarging and in I less subject to several important liml-ations." addition to what was previously expreaiied, or a Tb first limitation, he then stales, is "to ques a liaiitatioa apoa th power of taxation, or aa a tion inlrralioi" and then, in tl.e serend la e. it directory provision, as to the ends for which 4b is to b liuiiled ; but 1 will giv hi own word : Money raised shall be applied. I " il is, in the next place, limited bv ajl the pro- Mr, President, In the next place, on thi part! visions f ibeConsiiiuttiMi sshirh infiihit eenaln of Ui cam, we are troubled with no Invest! -n- j sen frm being done by the vi,ivcrutiicnt,r any tioa about what are, ar what ar not, the reserr- I of it departments .f which ileseripliin there -est right of the Hi a tea, becaua wheu w speak t are many.' Il is also limited by such pi f th reserved right of the Mates, of the indi vidual Suiea. lhparatBiuibruf tb Union, w aaeaa. right which belong to them in their separate capacity, and which oould haie been exereiaed by them separately, but fir the eren tioa of the I'nicwi, and Ihe establishment of the Constitdtiou which followed il ( but no right eould ever exist in any individual State to dis pose id the laud or other property belonging to th United Stale. Indeed, until ihev ly sine " lb United State " there could be no such thing as the anasewsion of property by them in that political character. ' Therefore, I think these preliminary diffirult le suggested and thrown out in the mews may In laid aside. The power over the public domain, whatever it ey ba, is eonferrrd by a distinct provision of th Constitution. It doe not full in w ith th tmuwieralifiti of legislative power eotc taiBd mlire IretartMtsiaf ifiel oostitnllon which relate t lb organisation and authority of tU IrgisUliT bram b of Ih Gwetnment. It is yvMrer o (erred in tb fourth article of th C-m-litulioa a power conferred a(er tb Conatitn tioa ha mad all it general arraneewMita wbb rawpeet to the lewtaiativ. tha esecutiva. said fh judicial branches of th (iovernment, la thai' (uanb artii le, containing varsoua misrrllaneoua TsrseisHiaa, ia th sn-ond clause nf th thirdas. tioa, th Cuualituliva g iva th power, whatever , k la. Ml Ibea words i . . " Tb Con gross shall have power to dispose of, and make all neolful rule and regulation iw apsrting Ihe territory or other pnperty Irlissr lag to w l aiied Stale, t awl aihli,g In this t'unat'Kntioa shall IssaoessaMrwsd a to prejudice "V elaima of lb I oiled Mate, of uf any r tinilsr Sute." Tb last worda enntala tU only pnrviaiun of restriction, imilatiiB, or ijuahni-atioa on Ihe power which was granted by the pin ,s words nf that awesion. tt bat was n.e.u. ,y that ijmU- UmMt Hr told by Mr. Ms-Can. ha Ihe Federalist, the! what wera rf erred toby thai prnvisioa, and whs rendered thai prnktoa n resMrs, wera eenatn jealuwie and noest,'ns in ih Stlsi r,1,,,, iheaeslsrn lands, to which a kt well known, wnirtiiig lilies and rburas .wsrw ps-i ain. I nsr I'rtra. lbs ,nlv sfteef. bea. this fiucii'ton. aIUucaliimJjKrlmii.il f4iMthmH fee dimunlnl, ami tif s-Aofc Vmtrd Stuff reaanM n viif pii)lft vdcrttrd alike in tfie prwpfrity curelv It is impossible to express the power in inoro hirge and coinpro-'iensivo terms. Beyond all doubt, Mr. President, Congress is bound, in the exorcise of ever? power, and the President in making treaties is bound in the oxcrcise of that power, c mnliinllv to brariji mind the .purpose for which this' t. oustitution waa formed, a set out in the preamble : and all these powers, how- evsr htein-Vhe frtrm of-the grarrt;and biiw I ever absolute in point of fai-r they may be -I mean as to naked power are always to lie used, ami can only lie rightfully osed, for the purpose of accomplishing the gre.it ends, or some of them, of establishing justice, insuring domestic tran quillity, providing for the common defense, pro moting the general welfare, and. securing tlie bfossMrg of lif ierty -which-the drrrstieutmrr, ift-Ms preamble, declare to have been the motive for f ,!..-. i. ; . e, .. us loruiaiioa. ii is si Willi every power. i-on gress has power to declare war ; it is an unlimit ed power. If Congees should declare an unjust war a war ol escro agresnon and (Hire ambi tnm. springing entelv f.om a lust of aenuMiiioa and snowcr however Uie miaivcs of I uozrci night beouoatianed forhavingexercised the pur er for such ends and for such purposes, it would be a lawful declaration of war a legal, though unjust, exercise of tower. Congress i author ised to levy duties, and in the rxcrci of til at p wer they ought to loir them with atusf regard to the interests of the whole c lunlrv ; put beyond all d milt, if Congress should pass a law by which those articles that the interests uf Ihe country re- -t...l l i l...:-- !... :...! ... ,i i.'.-i.i . 4Uus.twaw,M4t,ssnin iw, iw sjswiiimwsimrn- separa e I let in free, and articles which the iuteret of domestic eondud, tha a rant mads by my honor- ablefnend fro Illinois, who sit beside me. Mr. SntiLDi ia mysea'of SUl.tXsJ, to be applied t promoting ai d advancing any sons, for di riag portiutn to my daughtera, would be an ia? vaKm of my right to coutrol and direct my own fiunilr. But, Mr, President, if there is any apparent foree ia tb otewlion.'how ar we to resist what h been dooeSr-uu alrajat th evmme ice neat of this government; .1 bare before me a list of grants of land to Stales tor tarioo ebjeers, an proved of by General Jackson and Mr. Polk du ring the time they were at the head of the gov ernment, in which.such conditions, or eonditioiis liable to equal objection, were imposed. If these act ar looked through, it will he found that Cnrnwi uniformly undertakes to di rect what shall De done with ih property which it grants, to what purposos it shall be applied, aoi prohibits its lieing applied to anv other pur liosos. "r These eranla Are inniimersdle.- 1 hsvit riablvaof Uicm here,, hut JwUljaot.- fligue the. seitaus by govog over thevm -hot wvH hand them owtbtue rejmr tervtete pahlisbad ia aaBtiB f with theita rumiira-n- .Xmm-: ImmuII, I . ..v- - ;tfitiskaJfc-Wth-ittliWf eipini tn its uppiication, it w stitntional: or the debet 1 would have liecn eon- to erailt til anV-of tha obi KtalMa s MrhtinT mtvinn tnii besides .thest iof the pnblioiiftwi. wilh a dirtwm-tbat tlie I will not read iheoi oil; I will Botunder- take tdreid anuir nam which carry groat weight with me; but 1 will read the names of gentlemen known for eminence in tho Democratic party then and afterward. Tako notice that this vote was after discussion; it was after repeated discussion; after "a debate of wide extent, and considerable duration." Amine the vest I Mod the names of Mrlmtmrfortts New Jersey: of Mr. John H. halon, of Tennessee; of Mr. Johnson, of Kentncky; of Mr. Kane, of Illinois; of Mr. Kin. of Ahhama, our late Vice President; and. passing over several others, Mr. Rowan, nf Kentucky, Mr. Hugh I. Whito, of Tennessee; and Mr. , WoodhurV, of Xew llainp-, tlurtvlatc. a Juilgeon llie UncA ot 8-atprsvia Court of the United States. M. DUTLEll. Will my friend read the name of those who voted nrainKt the bill t of North taclioart 'lulsVUss f Msiiio, Chaao of Vermont, C'llib of Ueisrgia, and Harper and llavneof S.ulh (..amlina, Thti, in le23, ncirlv thirty year nearer to the adontion nf the Constitution than we are now. that biH naseed hv the Tote which I have stated In the 11 .use of Itcpreseutatives, also, the yeas and nova were taken on the passage of the bill, and it passed by a vote' of 120 to 4:1. Among the vens, hnd these names; Mr. llucliannu, of 1 eun- sylvsnia, then in the House, since in this body, altorwarda at tun liCad til the Mate iiepnrtraeut, proceeds, the intereinVupea the amount realised iruui the aalos uf those bind shsH be applied to tire supp-irt of an asylum fiir the msanc. laiU to know whence the powerNva derived to give theie directions, iniuose these conditions, end lay these rw trintiyns upon the granfsmade to the new States? Are tbe new State lesSvsovcreijrn than Ibe old yialesI-ATS-tlieT not eiiu;i-TiTOliF ber of tlie Union? Ih) they not all oecitpy a relation of perfect and procise equality and puweraf than saying that Oils, like all our powers, is a pnblic trast, or we hold for tlie onmtuon benefit of the different member of the Unkni.1'en, If we ui, how doe that lumtsh any reanm why we cannot gratit tha land, which we hold as a trust fund for th orninon benefit of the member of the Union the Stale among the very member Sir whom we hold them as trustees f 1 it not a curious argument ? It is first said the United State are nut owner of the lands, hav no true property or -dominion over thorn, but hold them Bierclv aa trustee f For .whom are we trustees? for thn common and equal benefit of all the State. It i proposed, llien, to take a portion of these land and apply them in a par ticular direction forth common and equal benefit of all the States. But w ereOnld, ' So r if is unconstitutional to do that ; yu hare bo rigbt- iiii power to do it ; you are compelled to hold them for your eetni our trusts ; you are to keep them ; you are not to let tho parties for whom you hold havo, the benefit of there." The Uni- ! ted State do not hold them,, We aro told, for their own beucht, but tor Uao benefit of the sev eral eateeyyetit deTeqvriitjat sTis.1t not permit jlip ... Stales JfoOjavc, the use or wifiValtfinugh' "tft onir itufuoaa fir wUitu...ih jhshw" uuisasu. swHMias-ww vrmpmntvn- eoimnon and equal footing of mimes. T , . Vou mar, aooording to this doctrine, grant any amount of rtiij luiids yonT please tn the States in which they are aitunted. Vou nay an there as a landholder, and jou may grant lauds fiw univer sities, you may grant lands for primary schools, you may grant binds for ennuis and railroads, you may grant lands for court-houses and (cuts ol government. Alt that, as a landholder, vou havu.righeieywsil bat whal liei.mes nfthw character uf a trustee in the mean time ? These ideas-are not exactlr reconcilable. .If w are. in right! the true and proiier sense of the term, landhohi rc, 11 wo uw 11 Mia. noma, men we nnve til ngni to diipqse of them. If we do not, if we are merely trustees, for the benefit pf all the States equally, where doNiro got the power, as trustees, to giie away porUiiinvof these land for the purpose of butlJing coiicgcajind erecting primary schools in the States ia whWh they lie? The argument vmd now eat -Minister at the Ouu.it of Si. dames, ulilfh wrnillftt''triiiliigUd lietweeir'Biy friend ditut lindholdera we do not acquire any power torsgu-h-dertie'iiisit If w have power to grant the lands, we ran grant them, and Impose such condition as we may annex to the grant. If we have no power to grant the lands, with or without condition, we oaunot acquire it by calling ourselves prudent hndliulders. The act of grant was the rtf in every instance, of the Government of the United 8 atot. It was, like every other act done by this Uovuruiuout, an aot of ovrigutv- Itwa not aa act of a private person. J t w.is not, and it e innot be made to be,'e bargain merely, like t ml i provisions of the constitution a direct certain au to Is, done ia a fsutieakir way, and wbieh prohibit ti e contrary ; of which striking eiimple ia to 1 found in that which declare that ' no money halt be drawn from the Treasury, hut in ermar quenc of appropriation to be made by law.' " Then he steles that, by aneeessary Hiaitstiou, imtdied, th nigh not sipresse.l. the Ireat-makinc tOsTerof iheeountry ranmsi be used to deatroT or alter the Constitution or government under which it w exerciser Nuw, air, I ak the attention ef lb Senate for on moment to this stalemrut. Th power of making treaties, Mr. Cslh.win ssys, is a power tranttttl vested iu the lioveminenl oftlie United States. II waa a power that either could met les exercised at all It the sens ante Stales, or a tai well and eonvoniently ; and, therefore, theraoaV uevr waa gitea to this (iovetwnnl. Hence, he 'say, there was no nerswslfy fir entering Into aa enumcrsthm of particulars : it would h I -re absurd t the whole is given. It is an rtfrf" power. and aa rWs,ar power, and, Iherefnre, it iasutiira-t to anlimitation in hi judgment, but lbi winch h ha snerifled as growing neeesaarilv either out of lb nature of tb power grants 1, or mil f n-J pre inhilMIMias Mbww here eoaiaiesvi in Ih I "O- sliluliisi. or out of th BeeiitT d preserving In tort tbrCnaslitnuVio Itself BBdar which lb power is eir-e,:led. Hal, a he asys. 'w.lb regard to Irgislaliva powers, divided Isriween llos lm inset and tie Slates, with respeet to these, aa enumeration of one clan or Ih olher w a Beresv sarv, and those granted to lies grew wer select. ed lb power nre eeawrninit aad (sore pn-- pr for enumeratioa. Now, air, bow exactly ia that lb ease with rsv gard tola erar.l ef p.. wer over tl eel lie I anil a )iia ant aas'aag lb gnerl enwmerated legi-laliv powers of I migrwaa, II js a laowar vrltutnlf la Coegrrs, Il l a power that neiet waa in lb Stales ffmwntljf,at lberetsTwesHaldsxil bejeic I td is lb Imsisx under ibC.ailwiir, llsss er ttiat euuld ass) b s,srs-se 1 bv Ih St ile i setsmrately at ell, iteould 4 ha eserri,d, at least, wiilM-ul asanifolj lnr,oi,ri tenr, aud il.a f.ir tb t'vtislilulH.a vests it ia t'-, Iwsls il , exutrsslr, and ! il wiib ssi liatitatH ; aed. ,1. - ... w k .1., lk,Mtf 0 M,U, I l .1 Jng. inlewl that psil,l,'Wiri,H In il I tub;eot tn nv loMstilBtionad lunilaless, srbsa to. that antbisig u l.es I '..tn.nr sbsll tsv ao in. h aa ba.ll limitation a lle-e or mm of rsHssuwe pee; o-le ai,y tlaims of any se 1 ll..-, who h ss j-,vi..re. tWUr ( sltosa vtrakir Wat Iu any prti , f temiory ih in Th is wer l-eir.g tho distinct, rt. iusite, rl sm pssaeswK i"I ih I nurd fiat, Ut ie ls : press, uuntialito d. rrariicsl la Uie U'grst Irrvos elaiBses hy dirTereail mlew, and thus U S.S fna to .I.-I-SM1 U Blll.t.l Ir-ri li..B. or llnlat:oo. In - th who! otalHHS of ih.s -.wrr tn hi tu 1 gi.e. in mII. or to bs. tM pfnpsrtr whKh as th nrhttolly th pnsjseriy i f th I Bit, Si,i as se.-rt i f this graet. Just aa aa ' i fc-e www- ' t.L. ul I.. b a s.t.-s a l.ss a ia IKa liiufta: l.s l.verr w,d la thai grsM rf f.wr is w.wbv ! npn li ? Ta an sjs-ikirg as. Itegiani aw masklwratrin. la lb I fusl i.U.w. lbs .!. .,. aaowe I rksa of as the prry uf ll. I . aa." M Ta I ',shcres si. all bate rs.we i srws af M .lews in .-.,1 (re w.-ros ,!, .s.,ts; wasiatlinei whob , Ih na war an'' r.s ll.e BI toairy, - Iht. l',gTT ,n: ,,, p, v H-eaef I r lb t'onslllMlfss. 1 bees is ao.il iww ,s) it e sul ,stof wh h I efcell !& 'e enllT. V I., is is li s bmilato B? w be, rts T- m i' 4 a rerif u si in lh:t bu-rriil ? Tkere w lbs pr,., ts,.,a tl, i-l. li' lb power In asiis InVkl 14 Ifws ai- wis, ted ni; IWsl io c.Mintrv require should come in free should be ultie't hiabcavT duty. Congress would most wrongfullr haie used the power confided to them; but fhe puner could not I unpaired by tbatoon alderation, and the law would undoubtedly be a valid law unjust, it it true, becausw unequal and unfair, but yet a.binding and obligatory act of legislation, because wilhiu the grained power. . rtir, the 1'resi.tent, In bis veto message, hss re ferred to two instance a th only two ia which grant of land were male for purpusna similar lo those contemplated b? this bill. 1 wish to draw the attention nf tlie Scoate ui-th circumttaiice under which tho twg b.lla wr paaeJA b ha called ailention, ia th veto measagw. Is th fact that tho bill war pasid ataay year af ter the Conatilutioa was formed, I 'beg to re mind Ui rBate tbat they were leased at least many veara Bearer to th formation of the Con- atltuti. n than th rear IX'il! and if Ih value of an act, as an exposition of the twistitutioo. de pends vin ita nearness, its p'ovimlty, to Ui time whsn thai instrument was formed, w cer tainly have bo right to claim any superior advan tage f..r the eiuositina we massive over th, given, as thsy were, nearer by inany year tu the era of tbe Constitution itself. And It must b remarked, further, that at the time when the acts ihe act fur the Kauturky and fur the t'uo- Bectirui asr turn lor the lev I and dumb were passed, in 11.1 an I K.li. tlie still presentti laaameawha were e-sjereroed in- making tha Constitution, or men who war oonb-iaporaivrota with it sum of whom oecrisd avals ia both lirancbesof th alinaal legislature. Now, how were thowe eels passed ? The first act, thai uf 1MD, granting band tor the benefit of tbe CuBnertieul aivlum for tb deaf and dumli, originated in Ih llma of tei.resenlatiie. On ita seermd reading. March 1, 119, Mr. Uasaett, nf Virginia, moved its oaimilmesil to a Commit tee of Ihe M how, but tb mo;io was Vt. Mr. P. P. llirl-Hif moved ita imlelnil n tinemenl ; Ih motion wss rjemd. Tb Isill was tuea or dered to b earr-sM L. and it was read a third time, and pa rd, na ra an J Bar having bsam railed. And. sir, in tb loa nf llenreaenla- tns, to meotH.B bo other distlegoishel individ ual, there wer then, from the Suatonf Virgiaia, Mr. Phillip P. Harbour aad Henry fti. I.aorg Tacker. If llsarw had bswa any ! 4.euU, any awri" aoestina about th ssonstitulluaiality of that measure, eaa we dowld (ar oa ataaent thai I thew gennVnaea, knowing a w their pditi- rai cnneelusM sn.l alanilars, would have called f r lb yes end aava pon that bill aad ahuwa by Uis.f votes that tbT did Bat euacwr ia its paa asgaf That bill then to Ihe Senate ; Il was la Bvediaieiy read tsu. end rfrrl to tb t'tim m '.tie on Publia Usnds. thi lit Beit day il wss pas aad wilh-ssl a disloa, aya and Bay bv lug been takesi. Thwi were la lb fWni a tbat day gewileswea of ao mean fain end esnsi.feratk n ha thae emntry. There waa Mr, !'?elt of C.merlicuti Itufoa King and Nathan u-mf,rfd. 'f ew Yorbf Msbbrn tekraoa and Jinaes J, Wile, frB New Jersev: Abnef eswk en-l Jonstbaa st'd,rts feotu fsstnsvlvania; fv-wa Msrylsnd, K diwvt II. li Atshorsngh-. fraas irgim. Jsmss tUrtsaur and J.sVa W , I'.prsssj fra N-srih I'srstluve, Naihanief Msssosi, ibae b h a a atrhter wsiroMWit of tb Csssoiw- less was s I to 1 f.ini; from sHih Csro'ina, Mr, GsiiUr land tt illtam Smiihi from TenBessssa, J-Jia Vi illvnu and J d.a II fsl.-w. Tel among IhM-se e.tl,.M,n, many of Ihswa ewntrietil MK w-Irf-rs .4 M s-Hrslie trniy, and frrwa,da Uwdii-f " 's.r tf lias Jtiss tsirsy, nu !wMt(M!t rf-sy li d,ieae4 lie v-a avid Mr. Cranibreleng, of New York, then an eminent member nf the liemocrat.e party. Mr. Livingston, of IViuisiana, Mr, McDufHe, of South Canilina Mr. McLane, of Ihlware, Mr, Polk Jame K Polk of Tennessee, Mr. Snunderi, ofJiortli Carolina, and Mr. Wicklifo, of Kentucky. Thus, a-r. that hill, after discuss ion in both Houaosin t!ijes,t lH-64.paed in the Senate be a T.vte nf 27 to (i, anil iu ihe House by a vine of ISt) t 4S: and what an arry of names supporting it a both a constitutional and a rightful applica tion ef the' public lands! Mb v. sir, a Presidsut of the Unitl State, a Suprcru Court Judge, for e'gn ministers, heads of I eiertninr, peryms hig'l in the eovtftdencO df'thiT tesox-rsThs party,' itrein her of tbe L'nbiuet of tieneral Jackson, men nf the highest character, strtetconstructionisls; Who more eminent for that than th lale Mr. MclHiflie? Who more eminent for that tbon William It. Kin? than Jauace K. Piilk.; . W by, Mr. President, il we osn place any reli ance on authority: if we can imagine tbat it i possible, an exp-wition may b given to a clause of the Constitution 1T the concurreot judgment of Ihe ablest end-bart aan-iu ou ,umrv weUat gid it, aa it seems to me. In Ihe proceedings which took place Um the two bills to which the Preab dent has referred. Can it be said that Cougross ha ao jvwer to diapos of th public land to the State bir lb benefit of the indigent insane, by a bill which distribute a certain amount of the public lands, aeeording to certain fair and nual rubs among all the State in Ihe Union, for th benefit ol the indigent insane; and yet that, ia 119 and lP'.tt, both Uuuae of Congress, after diaensslrm, should have passed lulls giving ti in stitution in two State, separately, grant for Ihe benefit ot the deaf and dumb; and that tney should not have been- visa enough to disoover then, thai if there waa an uhjectiua to Ilia grant. equal end general, there must be aa overwhelm- lag ule)rtiua la a grant, singular aad partial r These two bills were and only pass I by CoB- ?reaa, but each receired I lie spirrvaTof Ihe 'resident. Mr. Monroe wa Pteaidrat ia 1H19. and his Cabinet .v enmiswed uf gmtletsssa of Hi very first ability that thi country ha er rmduced. Mr. t alhoua waa a mamiavr nf hi abinet, ao was Mr. Adsma, Mr. Crawford, and Mr. southard. 1 behove tliat tb bill referred to must have been th ubieet of caref il considera tion, when it wa submitted to Ih President of th United Ststiss, on the question of eons! tattoo a! power, bad there beea ground vf doubt. Now, Mr. Prmideot, um th general power nf lb Govwranaenl aver I hi subjort, I rest ber, though I shall have incidentally oorasK.a lo re fer to it again. I rest it unua the anqualifird grant of power in lb Contlilutioa by won la which import sUilul dominion. 1 rest it uiaia the fact 1'itl it is an exclusive power in it nature which never wild have listed ha tlie Stales. nor col. I any part of it, I rest it upua Mm prac tice id lh Goiernment, I rest it npue tu opin ions of tii mtt Bianienl Biea who bav uk-ui part ia ita dcliliernlioaia, and the emduyt of ita affair, ar who bav presided ovr il aWslinie. I pr-s-ee l now to Uie euasaderattua f tb aaeoBd obiectioa. Tb Pres;.lnt of Ih I'niwd "late swggwsU that tb panieulsr rirovishwia of thia bill ikb eonirol, dirwnion, or Inlerfereae with tb local sfsir., 'f 1 1 sa Stale which are ant withia The President vindicates these grants to the State from th general constitutional nDjoo- tiun, upon the ground that they are dis)xisition made br A prulent landholder for enhancing th ralu of thesresidu of his land. But, putting aside for the peWnt that as a source of power, who was the prudent landholder? The United )SttttBSS hoMprcsiwiod th. United States in I the transactionT Thtvengreas ot the t. Males. Well, sir, if Congress, inx giving these lands to one State ha not power to direct the State au thorise! m theirapplication, wheredoea I. on gress get th power to do it in regard to another State! if we have not the power aa a CongVesa, thon there is aa end ef the matter t but if wo hve it Ut aU a -tJtrmrres,-we tiavo it tn respect tdO'iie' state as well as another. Hut It is asm wa nraj m thi resnact tn be reznrdod onlv as prudent .lJ?".lyJto-iui.-byi e m.ii j'iww.i! j eonslirotiesswl vis'mn of theoretic perfect i. e so. this being d.sse, that vervthing is nccono n-i,c 1 which i Beewssary( end it hei-omr , m itr.-r .;' no impnetonc whit beoonies of th ! n.i-n. or to what purposes it u pra-tK-a'ly ot ' .!, I'.ut. sir, I, (.r one, am not eat defied "wuii the re-.i.-ing wbU-h leads to such a result ; snd ;,ll h ; a I aliened with it, w hen it is aoplh-d to tl n Isrritory of tbe United Stales not ei-.":d by t- Sutes, not put into the hands of ti e (o i ,-.;,! Government apoa any trtt-. e-vpress or ini: ; .-!, hut which bss been eviuiiere.1 i T the an,,- ,i th United States, or arqutred l v t rentes u- u'i' by tlie United States, IV hold the ii !i ,i. ti.nt .the Uovemment thus avqniriiig. having un.) i i t edly the whole eminent il. in.un oicr ii, l.w r abaolute proprietor, according lo the laws , I i.Z tiobs, ba no power to permit, and is . ,. 1 by the principle nf ronelitntioilal Ijw and if justice and equity, from permitting, any art of that domain to go to the benefit and n'.K ust vi of all the members of the Union, eqnaHy, my satisfy some minds, but it eahiK.t satisfv mine. Il is aaid thatyou sell these lan.li, pu; ti.e rro eeed into the Treasury, and thus each of tho . State derive an rqnal or prop.rtionate advant age from them, That id j fallacious, We were to have the benefit of thes, gi uutcil lards as a common fund upon terms of equalitr. Weil, you say you put tlie proceeds into Uie Treasury, and thego to our benefit f IIowso? Why. sfr, there ba been foqr- times, yea, eilit tiiics ns much money appropriated, einre the etai lini ment of this Government, within the Stale whiff tny friend id oiy eye Mr. Clayton j rcprcreuts, than has ever been" appropriated in any wy by thi Government for the benefit of the State of Korth Carolina. N'ow.witlt regard to tbe land ceded, the rule laid down in the deeds of cession, : if war tQVtVrd.friemcilf.tiiMar was a plain ope, that the proceeds of UiVbtud -sliould C a (bail fur Uie commtnt and etuvll ene- -'ssesHrtt-1hfjWIW( feeMsffiiiiy.-sthJBjhiaT And ' " eitnblisbed rat ef charge and expeniliturc e- oording to the compound principle upon which we are untile to contribution, or according to h-d-iral Bimile-.'s, Then, when this n. .nev which ia rci'i'icd from the public ib main, t.t-n tnio the Tfeasury, and is paid out in ihe ordinary eipcn- iniiirca oi me uovernnietir, it aoes not return to the States upon tlie prinoiplc of the disrhnrge of the duty of a trustee acc irdiim to the terms of the deed nndor whirtT'ftrrhnldv'the iru'st." t",riieral Jackson lay these lands were cedeil originally: at the earnest instance of Congress, first, to tii-V JtlilfllhoHt-to pay the ajar doht. .. .That was paM-.- - fhen, he says, th lands .rcawm to be disposed: of for syjurpoeoji-Tir fpnenil utility Slid nd Tantage to the whole people n Congress may deem ri);lit. I am willing to lake Unit gvoutni. Iam willing to own, if gentlemen please, tha: we are hot to regard tho further purposes ex pressed by the deeds nf cession. If we me t.. has been often urgwltliat when we grant them lav that out of view, then, beyond all dispute, wo. iTr:iitttrrwatr:)l we uuuuie ine pneo ui ine remaining, secuonst and this is the advanlagiupenuion which is produced to the great landholder the Uiib ted Status. I lsiilicr all pretty wcjl know, however, that the theory Is nut true in point of IikCI. 11 lias open anoxen ol. ana ia whnttlia law intcmplatea biitlt ia result which the javr ha not produced. Tlut "asiiuras that to be so. Ihow i it that vour prudent landholder give way land which do' not belong to him, but leges and primary achnola, fur the buildiiig of WiWnOuaes. and for erecting neat ol govern ment? HowNJp these bring money into the pockets of the owners of the hinds? No other wise than any prudent gift or disposition by an nwner to those who will nnprove, may ultimately be of advantage to him. Hut they are not given i Ihe eonaiiliitinael power of tiir Internment. Now, si , if thia bill, fairly e.snsidsre.1, assume any emirs' aad direction ever a Mat ia Ibi I pirn ia lb Baaaagsaaial of il toral aaneara. in anattora nsanel to II by tb Coejsanutio uf tlx United Stale, lhn, brjond all doubt, il is a rudalHea of th prin-iide ot that Instrument and II ourd nnt la eaeene Ih saaeii., of b Bsuaaiav- ttot ium M - Whsrl We at - h pneo to I" lb land to Ilia aevwral Stales nd lb snoatance of a I ita pvrt.i-ular provUiiis ia this? That lb lands ar to b add, tbe nvwey inrasssd, and lies Inleeest only appliod to th support of inswn indigent psesniis usder lb esw and lure- l.i loes id ih Sial. tt bal auwer uf a Stat 4 ssa U i.ivavf. ? h H aaoa th e-ssln I and d reriioa of bee Udigssat bisane? Is it tmdertsk to prM nli how Ussy shall be KaalsvL abr boated, ska shall grB an Btaaaag lliews, the rulvs regulating lhs lo-liiu i a lis na whh-b they ar phawd, oranr re-iuisi . ii to bow tl Bs eila s-w lo h lld In lbsa 111-11- toliuats? Xot at slL II gi to Ihe Sialoa a ree- to.a am- nf aws.ri, to b pnlu,s.l by lies ah 'd tbess tasida, the iii'sfest (sf whn-W ia to bsvaedeed by rwit tv ttir aareporl of th ilela- geai loss we an swt-t, instil ittl , no W sn-h r'g- aiaiiows, and aol ;-,) ia i n-s"ts. nr sio-h eiro as Uis S'aba al.all ses, pv-per to a tsr. i-s oler llieta. A, I but n. .as ion lo stwsea,ia bbsi mo, ta bicMl.piailr ovssb thia ,ir je-sj. as e mors an teiaei' at f Ui rwrssf riki.is i f ( M I th og t atiampi to ihes ia ih'.t i rk of th from Mississippi Mr. brora and myself in the transfer ur purchase of lauil or personal prop erty. It was something more ; it waa an aot of t i ovoreign authority of the United State ; and if it eioeeded the ennstitiilional limits of tbat authority ia one inataace, it exceeslod it in every one, uulose you will affirm that Ihe new States hsya wit eipial oycroijiiilj and Independence wuii uie wa mines uie lauil muios wun uiose that bav no publie land within their limits Sir, uii w hulo aulijool U cover 1 over with precwdenta. Those precwlents run Isv-k for half a caatory. I have a hat of theau here before ma. Tuey havo lieea ruled by t'ongcesse of yJ noliii wl sVassnntsoav 1'lu Iwa Lsao saucliJued, wilhaut quaaUon or hasitation, by Prcsiduut of very Tanoua political shad that w have hud, I believe that it will be very difficult, I believe It will be impossible, to maintain tliat, if the legis lation of Congress ia euuuectioa wuii tb grant of ianda to the new State was constitutional, ia th view I am new taking of it, the legislatioo ia thi bill is unconstitutional in regard to tbe old States. ( C ingresa grant Unds for tha purpose of wtaUishinj sybeulsT VV-fat dor-it rertn rrrf Why, that tit lands, or the proceeds of sale, shall be sacredly kept, and Ihe interest and in come spiiliel to' thai purpose, and no other. It grant lauds fur the estubliahmentuf a university. with precisely the in restriction. Jt grants lanil foiHrutiing a canal nr for a railroad, with similar reatrictiooa. And I prnv you, air, if thse reatrictinus are not beyond our eonslitutional au thority ia regard to those Statea, iu what pot bl manner do w invade tlie right of the Stale by the oon.litioa annexed to tbe grant which the bill under the consideration of the Senate propose to make to all th Slate ? Aa I hav aaid. th fact of our asmming to art la tb hrnnr of a Und owwr eaa gin a a power to control the States in their local ooooonis. If it be true that we can append no such enndi lions as thia bill propose to a grant of the pule lie band, then lb uinlition ar mid. Suppose they are, a bat is lb ewfisesinenes ? Assnnre that ties reatrwtiona ar invalid lor want m constitu te. naj power, then tbe grant Inke effect, but U discharged nf the enndilion. Thai is all. Ws, IB that caae, say to the Stales, "lie shall hav thesa porttotia of tii public lends fiar the purpose with the understanding, with thedeidnration that they ar to h applied to th uppott nf th Indi gent insane ;" ami un this soppositioa Ihe Slates m ay pay just what restiert ami ennaideralion they please to tlx restriction that are thus slteint.lej to tie imposed, aad may apply thcpnwweslsof Ihe land ia any way they may think pr-iper. I n douldedly tliit dineniiMi, or reesimmendation, nr eoadilmn, r whale, er yoa may please to call It, (up.la list su;ipsiiiisa thai we have aa const i totumal fsiwer to p.-esnrilsa it,)ilurs aa aff-s-t l be grant, but leave il a aim pi grant of the laud discharged of Ihe condition. Mr. President, I bib, therefore, of opinion. after a good deal of vsmln itl"0 of this subjerl. tliat, arconliug In th unifnrm and esisniisl.e I practice of tins Goremment, and tie imini.ina, no jar a 1 r-ta gather them fmra tbeir conduct, of th.M who hav bawa Ih ablest aad wisest men thai th aala ba rrer bal, that there hi an val id objertioa to tha eoaetiiuiioaal p. wer to pau Ibi bill, either aa a disposition nf Ih public lands, simply tolls BarrsHoss aperilUd ia the bill. or sa account of tb condition aniixd to that dispuaiti.n The Preiidanl uf lb United S' ales has remark ed ia bi ass-aoge. tliat Ui pwUiedrwwsJnaoosii- lute a fua I for tb emawui lasaeni . li s sitittm; end, in ih It v lew, let Bi ceasider the Matter apua Ui other .supposition, that Ih l-'aHsd Slates taad asrr-lv m tb eharey-twr of Irualee, b I ling the bu.d, la trust f. r tl, una. bene St of tl.e several Stales ia Ibeir aovereign rapaeit a aiear who b is enawmsmlv laks-u uf Ihes sob-wet and Inch, ia th defeats here In a hi, b I d lakva part, ia re Is In to tie pa'.tie bands, I hav beea e, ntonl to assume a sunoneni to anaar lh purtsisesnf discussions I hew pending, ttnalgh I belie ed ia lb power of llse G .vemment ajsm tu ciisril wewuKds 1 bat a auird, Nipim in U.teruNaejit of the I uitod Stat to b su. k Irusie f. r w h-.ni is II a Imsie upon any contract or stipulations by which tin value of tlie public land ia to be increased ; and the whole thing, therefore, it aoenia to me, is en-ttrrly-fnlMMouii. If we are trusloes, Suroly we may be allnwedju giv a small portion of thore lauds to all the Statea. . If .w ax Wot jU-ustoai, if we are the owuors, then tbe land are ours, and we have a right to do with them a we think right and just ; and In flint respect, ho constitu tional objection at all can be taken to thi dispo sition. -t Mr, President, we are reduced to a very lin gular condition, In consequence of Ihe interpre tation given lasat connection with these politic Janda,.. .Now, lot ine ask tha.aUuiaiosvof Ih Senate for a moment, partarularly with regard to th State which 1 have Uie honor her to repre sent, and, unfortunately, at present without any assistance. The State nf North Carolina waa one of those State w hich made a grant of ber western territory to the Uuitod Sunn i and it will be sen. on rxauiination, that upwards of inree mturon ana a nan oijaorca oi puoiie lands, ceded by North Carolina upon ihe same general term on which th eeaaiou of Virginia and other mate were made that the land should be a rammon fund for the benefit of all the States were actual I v granted by net vf Con gre to th State of Tennessee, Upwards of three Million, obtained from Aortb Carolina, were ceded by the United State In bpdy to till! State of Tcnuesaee, upon condition thai Tennes see should apply f sfl.isK) to endim a Teunense college',- What ha North Carolina ever got of all the publie laret T Nothing, rieept during a short period whew an net ef Congress prevailed for distributing th proceeds of their as lei among Ih State. She gave np ber western territory for Ihe purpo of aiding ia the general pacifica tion end harwion (oua operat ioa of th Govern ment established ander the Conatilutioa. She gave H un expressly oa th face of the cession, a a fund fW the and equal banefll of all th State, herself inclnded. Hour happened it, then, thai l!ongres got th power to grant that land to the Stat nf Tennessee ? Why, it rmuld hav been for no other reason In tbe wmld than because h land happened to be eiuiated ia the Plate of Tennesse. . . Hat, Inasmuch a Ih -ion waa mail with the express purpose of establishing a Stale, It is tery certain that ' NTirth Carolina, TrhrH she granted that land to the General Government, in order that a Slat might I established, did Bot lnte4 that it should belhereafier granted to that single Stat, excluding herself and every oilier member of ih Union. She lost ties whs I of it. She ha never roeeited an acre of the public Unds,. She i told it ia unconstitutional to git ber anything. Mi la toi.i the public lamia may lea given to any lesly lt to herself and ethe Slates, who ar situated Me herself. I do not complain of Ibis ersasiontoUi Stat of Tennessee, 1 dare say, under the eircumalAnc, II might have been a rightful cession. do not aientn.n Il now as matter of complaint, but of illu-l ration I do not complain, a a general el serve I ion of. the cess Iowa wis.! la the hew Stole lor Oiei universities and rolleges. ami primary s. hmdi and Mailt and esnatr. Tlsere aiay bate beea etlravaganre and wast s bul, np'sa piim-iple, I Juisifwifut imt MiIiik fair and right with the lands; but it we lire to sny that the pr.ni imi of the deeds of ettsaion is still binding and nl ii gatory, that the lands are tn lie npolicd in a -oomtmtn fund, ir"tbe benefit of all tho Statea, according to the rule by w ltuh they are charge. I in contrihuliuna to the United States, then it is impossible to perforin tluit, trust, if vou put ti e money into the tre.v-ury. W iieu tiictiovcrnn.cnt make an appropriation, Il make it according to the general neQcanity. If tba. iimw I ! row it position, ha required tliat imiuoos n inounts of puhlid Bioney should bo e.V nih il there, I admit they are well expended, and ex pended for tho public advautnge : hut then tout i not e disposition of this trust fund, if it t e a trust fund, for th row and roHimnn lienellt i f all the States. North Carolina claimed, Virginia claimed, all the States which made ressiuus i f land claimed, that tho proceeds of the lands should constitute a fund, for tho equal and con., nion benefit of all the States, the c ling Slate included, lime is the irclmlcil, if y u lake all, and appropriate it to one State ? Is'she included .uijoaaagoiiaXaiid. romi.ion. fo-iting if vol g,o- ftiore lo aiiuUier State than V. u irne to In r in proportion to her population, site, importance, nnd contrihuliuna to the common Tieasurv of the antu.n ? x Sir, to my unJerslnn'ling it is elt ir to demon stration i either there is a mist attache I to tl.osn landa, or there Is not. If there is n.i tru-L and . Ifie t'nifed States own them as priii..-rty, ab-nlnte property-, in rrrcfrvTrwrierstiii, llen'i)ie .w-e of disf risitinn on th part of the I iiiu 1 Slates is not only legally but morally emmii ;e and full. That powpr, whatever it is. the Con-titnlion if Ihe Uniteil States vests in ConTe"s; and, tliere- fore. Congress baa wer to dipo e t lire litnrts a it hll think fit and proper. Thus, in ibis ' Tiew of tho case, all cotietiiuiionnl ol.its-tiis disapnerr. Sot If. with regard tot lie lend eedesl to the Untied Stts by individual members of th Union, the trust snl -ists, hv. air, it is paltering with na in a douhlo senao to say that you discharge that trust by selling the lui.de and putting the proceeds in tbe Treaeiirv. i u do t I is.r.eii I' si at b first ladignaliua toerllhg who b was beld I I Uli4a Ih sitlbwlW the passn; of tb Nebrw-t bill by Ibis ls..,b ssrauat whsi esmred lhat asewtieg adi.,trd ..lewin m. Jute a ikst U i.wUat lvn-ls wei to 1.1 ia lrs by th I nilH hl-ls (,er lb benrtit of all tlvs ),.i.le in Ui I inlel Maiea who hd lw keels. Battles end fiignef. aud fsr ail lles IV.eeigw, era who Biiiit hereafter cow t It.o tvwntrf , i LvUjEh'er 1 I csMim iher is ni gentleotsa a- es ibal wmld earry Uie adrs of ristrbip j q i.ie as Ur as that. If ws b- UI in al-e . baraeier . d if i' f.sr tn ls-neiii .4 ti.e i-e- , I R.i. I .tistes, as I II n jl is no aii i do md obert lo a prntsT appioi -istioa of a fur portioa of tlteae Unds for the purpose of ad inn e ing th prrsvperily f IhoM weslein Slates, do nbiesd, however, to prlnelpbi which arlrroa, that Hh rlghl and lasful, and reas-msb.e, and to do all this, it U aa ennrmou wrong, and J a TanfatHta of th Cunatitution, to gii to any uf Ih AM Wain any port.. whatever, lor anv pur er C"l. ol thia paibli domain I po-a, hnweirr f It mat ct! lonrsessi.iwii.cn I hv relcrred euuld hav been permitted torew.ain ; if w oould ha rjnMs-utl that divlstna of tii pns-e,la of Ih aia of the pwbl.r lands Batons? all ths btwles, llw Stat of North Carolina mw',d, ia lb years that nave pat sine Hit uislnlHiti w, bai a bad paid into her treasury money thai aright be Ba Ini to her. So with regard to all lb ubl State. I bav bad a careful (Mimata atale, fn whii k I find that, un death pe.'ui, .f thai law sin, e IMI, there w mid bai been, up lo I ', J, the act ma of IV'o.OU f .r distribute. n i of whh North Candina would kairlse eulill. 1 to tu . T Ml, Tha', b- wever, is atoppid ; il ia found to be unn.Bstituit al )u Is unlawful mt to dis tsMof the i r.s ee.la ,sf lh ssh) of lie puldie landa ! Tl i y go into th Trs.".ry ami. Woif. IB U Tre us. I.tiisv iura.it I lakea-sMM I ll-e purrss of l-ing dtsrv'.huti-d among th-w who th rl'btf tl ostiins, ns It j( sal i, uf ihe fund ahieh pe.Mlti-1 thssn. Tl-n wsturu n un-I nd sk that y will giro ua !., id ths I u is llH-msebssi lerl w r ..' 1, " N i ; the 1 u ; d Msjles rsi.n 4 do lhat ; ti er bold lbe l.n 'i a. trustees fir vtwa. and h--w ewn il v b-d-l ti- m it U.ev pari woh lh to y f II I n I . .1 Itoor Irnst t il is a reds. e B i f il.s rot.sl .fu' . ,,j ol.btf ili'-s resting ap'B tiSMt,.'r Mr. I'tess-ieot. gssilleieeu fr.'t'l tl e el.l i ,!e- ,ST 1. ss l-H'-l With Ih.s alnortbs si-'s.h.W ii. ...li ,1 law. aisd . ii l.l is a-', r -i-ft oi-n of t p. iiiiiisi fow l, Il e ar ,.-' t . !i.,it lesf -y ifu, r. A ,c ,oi j,, f f. . J ,b if'. r, . a, not do it you apply the fund to a purioe on I in a manner which was not dewlgvied. The debt that it w M to enable the liuveriuuanl to pay has. hmg ap been discharged, and therrlme the money, instead cMieing mive.1 with the general fund ia Ih Treasury, imjht, miordiiig to the innciples of e-iuitT and ritht, if you aunci ti.a dea of a trust for ill cs.iiini .n luelit of all tl.e State, to go to, and ought alwav to bale bi-eu distributed niMig the members of the I nioo. si soon as tlie previoua pumlge was .c ol.i .1, '1 bat would make Uien rtottuilv the law. but tlieeooov and ths justice uf the case. That is what, .1 n ware th case or atrvutc truster, snv r .urtot sruilr en earth would iles-rr ; sod it is what, therefore, if ws sssimio tlie ,-in, i lr ..f a liust. Hi Congress of the I'nitud States, in my judg ment, not only at liberty to do, l ot is 1....I. I to do. Now, Mr, President, tee the t'tita.ton in wlo- li tlsse old Stales hsv I Ims-.I ll,riii-el rs He hsv rrsnte I to as buns in K"iitin kv si.J r aerticut each twenty-three thousand snd f nr acTcet and those twri grants, I t'l ere. ri.n.tinitn th whole amount nf giants mails for the 1 ,-nciil of any of th nld Stntes ef the I nion j w !.oe wa have granted to the now Mates a qcaentv h . h. stimte,t th ordinary I f p-ite wlo.lt webs on them, th value of hi V " a.i a.-re. would I worth iljn i's'i.7 il. Sir, Il ia rnnm tier -.-hi. Gentlemen may haie lo;:i: fur it ; but it i. i m ; ibi thai it vail commend itorlf to inn ,e and I may ay that any systetn i f reis.Hi.n" w I... h re- sulis ia Sllcb a O.UM lil'ioll, la ,.l.l -r.( ;o I e I . ia- caous. Tbe States arr e;oals in p. v., r uu I i r aity. They hsi proMtrt.pii1 li-l.t- in ti e f , t u d'mtain, aisin the suppis-iiw.n it a ttu-i. li'it whatever be lheiooui, ottite r, ,:lit, ':,' r'-'.t m perfect; and I should t ashamed u I up and tell my ersisiitucuis, "imu bstr n.i-r.4it,..uni- plaint ; it la true, ai.we than tbr.s- i r - t i .c, of Unds Ceded by vou f T to.' s-o. io. -t - - s of the eowstrv bai been granted I I - -s ? . an indiiidssj Stat. M re Iban M " i worth of land situated in tbe new Sia'es, bs- l.u gmnlcl to linst Slate for vari. o in ert -il jm- pnivetnctit and Other bs-al puri-rs. - 4 an Ben h eve" ls-ewsj.proproet f r v-ir I oH. I ; yet it was beld thai the I mt.-l "".- a iros lo ft f 'ear Iseurtit in cinm n w ob ell the ... ! er S ales f th I ni.-n : f -u r,n pscr huv s. re apppq.riated b-yon Is- t. hi : . ao ai re id anv pu! iu I u, 1 a i.i ti by treaty or by c. o-j.n--i si so- t.o-e e.- pnrj riale.l I. v.mr 1st e'il ; i-l 11 i- s ' alljosi. ln.eeisp- , f.,r i- 1 - Is agaiB'l your luiu. ar y f il. I . tioa says y.oi si v.;n,,., ,t t Bothihg. t it I . 1. 1 1 it si il t ii fwad hw tbebeweat i f ail : ! I.-, n,.,., to asrs ; and Iher, lore, s.t . i . I i -o s' artd Ibey get a i 1. a, e '. i, I . peKiraa ,d ess,s,s.o, to I - , I I I dispute the! '- nsl.'.Mie M I 1 oil., . liiws, y.esr full s. se. I . , ; st, . 1; r e,isid. r. d n.r, ws asen- l . ; i!'.- 1 - ' . - id lb sa.uMry. '1 .. ,1- ,.,. g d qa ; b., I I.' . '.' !-,', , . - , w-.rk Mtl soe to. I is'.-ii" -leM lor i , ;,, . , h .It - , I,V as si a, I 't li.e .r ,s can nev r b, v!''H I 1 I II 1" s f of i t onoeed F i . v !. i .. ol. I., ho 1 I, a'l I . oil! r ii s er a i. . I a - i i I ;,. 1 1. i s , 1 Is h. - I, . is . I r
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
May 24, 1854, edition 1
1
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